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Oct 10, 2023
Posted Under: Board Development President's letter

We regularly receive calls requesting us to teach parliamentary procedure – often referred to as Robert’s Rules of Order – and regularly we decline. We are not intentionally being obstinate, but there is something about teaching it that feels off for us – like we are not telling the whole story. We believe that focusing too much on the Rules takes away from important aspects of what makes for an effective meeting.

Sometimes I remind groups that using Robert’s Rules is a “self-inflicted choice” so they know they can pivot if Robert becomes a burden and not an opportunity for structure. Some nonprofits have noted the use of Robert’s Rules in their bylaws, but most have not. It is simply a way of running a meeting that has “always been done” and never questioned. Equally true is that some groups would like another option but are not sure what it is. Others would actually like to use Robert’s Rules, but face challenges due to organizational culture or lack of understanding. When it comes to Robert’s Rules, nonprofit leaders have choices to make.

What is Robert good for?

For those who want to use it, Robert’s Rules of Order was created to bring order to a meeting in a very structured way that is mirrored in Western (some would say colonized) government structure. It sets out a specific process for how a group convenes and ends a meeting, presents an idea, and finds agreement or dissent from that idea. It can actually be pretty great in some spaces. I appreciate Robert’s Rules to help with the following structural components of a meeting:

  • To formally start a meeting
  • To establish excused and unexcused attendance by way of establishing a quorum (as defined in each nonprofit’s bylaws)
  • To approve a consent agenda which often includes the agenda, minutes, committee reports, and items of approval that don’t need discussion
  • To make legally binding decisions – so that it is clear when a decision has been made, and it can be documented in the minutes
  • To keep order during a highly controversial discussion or decision
  • To formally end a meeting

These are all important aspects of a meeting, and they only take a little bit of training to help everyone follow, but they don’t tell the whole story of what makes for an effective meeting, which requires engagement, full participation, meaningful discussion, and more. In this, strict adherence to Robert’s Rules in many nonprofit board rooms is more of a barrier to participation in ways that include:

  • It is used to shut down meaningful conversations.
  • It is used in the antithesis of the group’s innate culture to talk or deliberate in a different way.
  • It is used by only a few who then, in turn, dominate the discussion and decisions.
  • It is used to intimidate (intentionally or unconsciously) people from joining the board.

Indeed, we have seen all these negative results during board meetings, and in most cases none of it was intentional – it was merely a byproduct of using this particular model of governance.

If you want to use parliamentary procedure – use it well.

If your team is committed to Robert in the room, then offer a basic tip sheet. The chair also needs to be clear that their job is to help everyone engage using the required rules. Training, mentors, and grace will all be required if you want to counter the negative consequences that often come with the strict use of this structure.

Other options are available

Let’s be clear about what we mean by an effective board meeting. Importantly, board service is a voluntary act, and inherent in that is that it is a choice. Just like in our staff spaces, we have a great reshuffle happening as people reassess how they want to spend their free time. Long-serving board members are leaving and new people (sometimes with less or no experience) are filling the seats. This is a perfect time to reevaluate how your team conducts business. If you want to be more welcoming and create a space where you are fostering full participation regardless of tenure in the room, then I encourage groups to pause and ask, “What is an effective meeting for us?” and “What do we need to create that environment before, during, and after a board meeting?”

In our course on effective board meetings and through our facilitations, here is what we emphasize:

  1. Consider the logistics of your meeting to maximize engagement. Simple aspects of time, location (Zoom or in-person), childcare options, and food can make a huge difference in engagement and participation. Of course, there is the ever-increasing popularity of Zoom meetings that people both love for convenience and loathe for its ironic lack of meaningful connectivity. Whatever your logistics, be aware that they can both help and impede full participation. If you conduct online meetings, we created tips for logistics and etiquette that we wrote in 2020 to help organizations adapt to pandemic life.
  2. Create space at each meeting to build trusting relationships. Every team goes through a process seen as “forming, storming, norming, performing.” If you want to get to a high-performing team, then working on building the team is essential to maximize the best use of your board meeting time. This can be as simple as a moment on the agenda for introductions that connect the person back to the mission they are serving and/or a values connection. We have a tip sheet on holding a “mission moment” that could be a helpful place to start. Or you might rotate discussion leaders for part of the agenda instead of having the chair run the whole meeting.
  3. Remind everyone in a variety of ways that their role is stewardship to the greater good, not their own self-interest. This can happen through the chosen topics on the agenda, or reminders of the definition and use of conflict of interest and other Duty of Loyalty and Duty of Care components, or some regular board training to help make those rules meaningful. Working on these overarching components of board service allows meetings to be less distracting and more focused on the issues that matter the most to move mission forward.
  4. Implement a clear process to hear all perspectives before making a decision that is in the best interest of mission. Equally important is documenting in the minutes when a decision is made and implementing a process for accountability and responsibility to carry out those decisions after the meeting.
  5. Ensure a clear understanding of the role of staff, visitors, advisors, members, etc. in the room so that there is both alignment and value from their attendance.
  6. Most importantly – ensure meaningful work through meaningful content. Time as a team is so valuable that crafting an agenda that matters, that requires full participation, and that helps the mission move ahead and not be stuck looking backward is essential.

Maybe all these things are possible with Robert fully in control of the room, but for many some version of “modified Robert” will be necessary. Use the Rules as outlined above for the big structural items, but then consider letting Robert go so that meaningful, generative, and engaging discussion can happen in thoughtful ways throughout the meeting.

One way we talk about modified Robert is the crafting of the “meat” of the agenda as “decisions, discussion, and education.”

  • To craft this agenda, first gather all the decisions that need to be made. These can come from committees that are ready for the whole board to decide, from the CEO and/or board chair, or from another process where items have been examined closely enough that a decision is now necessary.
  • Next, those same parties can be asked if the full board needs more discussion either to get unstuck, brainstorm a new topic, or just gather additional information before deciding. If that’s the case, the items may need to be given back to a committee, staff, or a volunteer for more work. This is truly where Robert has to stand down because generative discussion is often focused on “why” without the stated intention of a decision. There is no place for discussions without decisions in the strict form of parliamentary procedure. I sometimes like to ask a group struggling with engagement, “What are the top issues your board needs to discuss this year that no one would want to miss a meeting?” They always have an answer, and I bet you do, too. Start there.
  • Education as an agenda item can come from inside or outside the team. It could be an outside expert providing information on trends and issues that will impact the mission in the long or short term and help the board understand the context for their future decisions. It could come from inside the team as well. It could also be time spent on how to be more effective board members, which could include training components or time to become more meaningfully connected to the role of board service.

The intent of building an agenda based on decisions, discussion, and education is to focus the group on the future.

Note that there is no committee reporting on things that happened in the past – those are written down and submitted as part of the consent agenda. There is no executive report on the past – again, it is submitted in the packet. Instead, the board focuses on the discussion or education sections of the agenda. Most boards spend the majority of their meeting time listening to things in the past that they can do nothing about. This modified Robert format keeps the whole team looking ahead to issues that matter most while maximizing the engagement of everyone in the room.

Another option is no Robert. Instead, decide how best to use the team’s time so they maximize the group’s time together and move through the required elements of a board meeting (which for most is establishing a quorum as articulated in your bylaws). At the same time, consider how to foster the culture desired by the team, which can include their customs and traditions or the level of exchange desired from casual to formal.  For example, we offer Active Board Engagement Ideas for ways to engage the team in creating a healthy discussion, thoughtful education, or clear decisions. Want more ideas? Check this article covering strategies for board meetings that still holds true today. And don’t forget our Leadership Summit where we explored Liberating Structures.

Ultimately board meetings are an essential space to build trust as a team, have necessary conversations that need a variety of perspectives, and make decisions that move the mission forward in thoughtful and strategic ways. On a good day, this is a tall order. So, picking your structure to attend to each of those aspects should be done on purpose. Robert or no Robert, or something in-between, the choice is yours.

More information is available in the resources below:

-Laurie